The US and Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The US and Economic Development - Essay Example According to Nye (2004.p1) â€Å"power is the ability to influence the behavior of others to get the outcomes one wants†. The concept of soft power has its origin in the late 1980s by Joseph Nye Jr. Soft power is defined as the ability to attract and persuade others thereby shaping their preferences and making them do what you want. Hard power is the ability to make others what you want through inducement (Nye, 1990). On the one hand, it is argued that in many cases soft power works rather than hard power since it helps to get the desired outcomes without threats or force (Nye, 2004). Rather, it makes others do what we want through co-opting them.On the other hand, critics argue that imitation or attraction does not always necessarily lead to desirable outcomes(Cooper,2004).Four different definitions of power are given by Barrett et al(2001).These are the power inherent in an individual itself, ability to make others do what one wants, ability to control the contexts of people ’s interaction and structural power. In general, power can hence be defined as a kind of ability to influence or control others to make them what we want based on all these definitions. This influence is obtained either through inducement, which is defined as hard power or through attracting others or shaping others preferences, which is defined as soft power. Hard power is often associated with military and economic strength while soft power is associated with the attractiveness of culture, institutions and information technologies (Windsor, 2000).6. Though economic strength is associated to hard power, it can be argued that economic wealth can also be used to attract others to get desired outcomes. Hence, it can be linked to soft power too. According to one viewpoint, only hard power gives US the powerful status (Cooper,2004)7 while the other viewpoint gives equal credit to soft power, which has worked well there (Fukuyama,2007)8. Moreover, the soft power index developed by Chicago Council obtains the soft power in US as high (USAPC Washington Report, 2008)9. The next sections critically evaluate this issue for US by examining the various dimensions of soft power in US

19th Century Philippines Essay Example for Free

19th Century Philippines Essay The Philippines was governed by Spain through a viceroy from Mexico. The highest office was that of the Governor-General, the chief executive of the Spanish colonial government, appointed by the Spanish king. The town is managed by a gobernadorcillo. The barangay is the smallest political unit under a cabeza de barangay. The social hierarchy was in this order: at the top were the peninsulares or the Spaniards from Spain, next were the insulares, Spaniards born in the Philippines and also called Filipinos, the mestizos, born of Spanish and Chinese descent, at the bottom were the indios, the local inhabitants. A total of 300 insurections and rebellions by the Filipinos all over the achipelago were recorded in the more than 3000 years of Spanish colonialization. 19th century was defined by liberal thinking for the following reasons: 1)Mexico rebelled against Spain and this brought revolutionary thinking to Manila; 2) the opening of the Suez Canal made the trip to Manila from Europe faster thereby bringing liberal ideas to the Philippines; and 3) rise of the middle class ? Liberalism is a set of political beliefs which puts primary consideration on the freedom and rights of the individual which includes the freedom of speck, of expression and of the press. In 1869, Carlos Maria de la Torre became the first liberal governor-general of the Philippines. For two year, until 1871, he instituted liberal reforms that benefited the Filipino middle class. ?Padre Jose Burgos campaigned for the Filipinization of the parochial churches in the Philippines and asked for the expulsion of friars back to Spain. ?The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was used to condemn Frs. Burgos, Zamora, and Gomez to death by garrote or musketry. ?The martyrdom of Gomburza was winessed by Paciano Rizal, Jose’s brother. Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere was dedicated to the martyred priests. Economic Conditions ?The economic policies of Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas opened the Philippines to the world market. ?These economic policies were the galleon trade and the monopolies of tobacco, wine and gambling. ?The galleon trade made Mexico Philippines’ trade partner. The route of the trade was from manila to Acapulco and back. ?From Acapulco, Mexico the Philippines got its silver and gold coins while the Philippines exported tobacco, wine, sugar and goods from China. The Philippines was the bridge of Asia to Europe and this trade allowed the emergence of the Filipino middle class composed mainly by insulares and mestizos. The encomienda system was transformed into Hacienda system wherein the vast tracks of land were devoted for the planting of single crops for export. (e. g. Ilocos for tobacco, Negros for sugar cane, etc. The first banks in the Philippines were managed by Spanish friars knows as Obras Pias. This banks lent money to the members of middle class which were used by them as capital for their export business. The first rural bank established was the Rodriguez Bank. The Mercado family was a typical middle class family of the 19th century who rented land from the Dominican friars. Social Conditions ?Schools and universities were opened and managed by Spanish friars. The most popular among them were the Ateneo de Municipal under the Jesuit fathers and Universidad de Santo Tomas under the Dominican friars. ?There were schools for boys and girls. For boys, schools teach history, languages, humanities, medicine, theology and law. While for girls, shools offer courses for dress making, home making, cooking and gardening.

Christian Anthropology

Christian Anthropology Introduction This essay will explore, from the perspective of Catholic anthropology, the Churchs views on resurrection. The paper begins by looking at Platos dualist theory of the soul and its impact on the development of thinking. The views of Aristotle and his influence on the writings of St Thomas Aquinas on the nature of the human soul. It will also explore the notion of the whole person and then relate this to different anthropological approaches. The essay will conclude with the teaching of the Catholic Church Magisterium. Plato Dualism In the tradition of philosophy there are two main views of human beings; Dualism where immaterial soul and material body meet and Materialism where we are one being. (Selman 2000, pg13). The Father of Dualism may be said to be Plato who lived in Athens from around 428-347 BC and who was, as far we are aware, the first to write on the subject of the soul at any length. Plato presents at least two theories. The best known, because of its enduring influence, was the one he developed in the Phaedo, which describes a dialogue his friend Socrates has with some friends shortly before his death on what happens at death. Selman (2000, pg 12) states that there are two main theories about the human body and its relationship with the soul. One of these is the dualist view, which suggests that there is a total division between the immaterial soul and the material body. The other is the idea that the body and soul of a human being are completely unified. In his theory, through the words of Socrates, Plato holds that the soul is separate from the body, is immortal, immaterial and pre exists the body and therefore does not depend on the body for its existence or survival. This concept -that the body and soul are two different entities, which happen to uncomfortably occupy the same space during life -is termed dualism. Platos theory goes further by elevating the role of the soul. The pre existent, immortal soul spends time in the body -a period of punishment -and death releases the soul from its exile in the body. Not surprisingly, Platos concept of dualism produced difficulties for early Christian philosophers and theologians, although his views were not unpopular and his view of the soul remained the dominant one in Christian thinking for the first thousand years (Selman 2000, pg15). Aristotle Aristotle was another philosopher who tried to explain the idea of the body and mind. Even though Aristotle was a pupil of Plato, his thoughts on dualism were very different from that of Plato. He still believed that the soul was the part of the body that gives it life and that the soul turned all physical form into a living organism of its particular type. However Aristotle believed that the body and soul were inseparable, the soul still develops peoples skills, character and temper, but it cannot survive death. Once the body dies then the soul dies with it. The soul is the form of the body, because it is what makes the body be a living body (Selman 2000, pg17). Aristotle developed the concept that the soul was the principle of life and life is manifest in activity. From these activities, he distinguished three types of soul: vegetative, sensitive and rational. Plants have the basic or vegetative soul allowing them to grow and reproduce. Animals have a sensitive soul enabling them to grow, reproduce, and experience sensation and movement. Humans have a rational soul, which enables them to grow, reproduce, and experience sensation and movement and to think, reason and understand. In all it is the type of soul, which defines the form of the body and thus body and soul are untied as one being. (Selman 2000, pg 19). For Aristotle then a body without a soul is dead matter. Dead matter no longer acts. It is only acted upon. While Aristotle could see that the body and soul were united he could not make the leap to speak about an immortal soul. This would be left to later philosophers such as Aquinas who would consider this point from a Christian perspective. Aquinas agreed with Aristotle in the sense that he thought that the soul animated the body and gave it life and he called the soul the anima. Aquinas believed that that the soul operated independently of the body and that things that are divisible into parts, are destined to decay. As the soul is not divisible, it is able to survive death. However, because of the link with a particular human body, each soul becomes individual so even when the body does die, the soul once departed still retains the individual identity of the body it once occupied. Descartes believed the soul retains its nature in the absence of the body but Aquinas argued that the disembodied soul is in an unnatural state. The human soul is naturally the form of the living body. Now that the soul is what makes our body live; so the soul is the primary source of all these activities that differentiate levels of life: growth, sensation, movement, understanding mind or soul, it is the form of our body (St Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theological). St Augustine, like most of the Church fathers, was influenced by the teaching of Plato who considered that the body and soul were two substances. (Selman 2000, pg 18), St Augustine held that the soul, like the body, is derived from the parents in the act of creation. According to Augustine, original sin is transmitted from Adam down through the ages in this way. This is the way in which he explains how original sin could exist in a soul created by God because God could only create that which was good. He later renounced his view that the soul is traduced. This heresy was condemned by the Council of Braga in 561 which stated that the soul is not traduced but is directly created by God (Neuner and Dupuis, pg 167). The title phrase introduces the idea of the whole person as opposed to parts of a person, which requires us to discuss how a person could be understood to be in parts. The most common way to talk about the relationship of the body to soul is Cartesian dualism, of the separateness of the two. Cartesian dualism comes from Descartes, who in fact first argued that the body and mind,soul were separate and distinct so that he would be able to continue making medical advances without the interference of the Church. In saying that the body and soul were separate he made the soul the domain of the Church, leaving secular scientists to look at the body, whereas before secular scientists had been looked at with suspicion or even imprisoned for trying to make discoveries However, dualism has a longer history than this even in the West, with Plato and other classical philosophers discussing ideas about the material world as a shadow world of a pure world of ideas. This could be seen as another wa y of describing the sinfulness of the material world body and the perfection of heaven, which will be the eventual home of the soul, freed from its imperfect trappings (The way of perfection by St Teresa of Avila CH 1 17). The Resurrection of the Flesh The quote in the title comes from the The Reality of Life after Death, written by the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1979 and published amongst the Vatican II writings in 1982. It refers to the teaching of the Catholic Church of the resurrection of the flesh, in which it is not just the soul, which survives after death, but the body as well. This can be related to other Catholic teachings, such as its tradition about Mary, who ascended bodily into heaven (LG 58), and teachings about the role of the flesh and denial of the flesh in salvation. Tertullian, talks extensively about the role of the body in salvation, making a claim for the potential purity of the flesh by pointing out that man was made of flesh before the fall: the clay, therefore, was obliterated and absorbed into flesh. When did this happen? At the time that man became a living soul by the inbreathing of God (Tertullian 2004, pg 49). He also shows the link between the actions of the flesh and the state of salvation of the soul: the flesh, indeed is washed, in order that the soul may be cleansed, the flesh is signed with the cross, that the soul too may be fortified the flesh feeds on the body and blood of Christ, that the soul likewise may fatten on its God. (Tertullian 2004, pg 63) His intention is to show the relationship between body and soul, to assert that resurrection at the end of days will be bodily, and to extol the mortification of the flesh in the name of Christ, but in talking so extensively of the differences between the two. Selman (2000, pg 60) states that the human body can be raised up on the last day because it will be joined once again to its soul which has remained in existence since they were separated at death. Furthermore, if the soul is not immortal then there can be no Resurrection (Selman 2000, pg 60). For Aquinas, when God raises the dead on the last day, souls will be reunited with what is materially continuous with what came from the mothers womb Selman (2000, pg 59) states that the same person can be raised up because the body will be restored to the same form as it originally had in this life. The above views contrast very differently to, for example, the attitude of the Mormon church, as studied by Fanella Cannell (2005, pg 335- 51 ) . In her article The Christianity of Anthropology, she looks at the assumptions in anthropology, which are descended from its Christian background a particular sort of Christian background though. The Mormon Church show how the same teachings can be interpreted in different ways and that dualism is not necessarily, what Christianity has to result in. Not only do Mormons believe in full, literal resurrection, but also they believe that heaven is going to be exactly like earth, but perfected. In particular, they believe that people will continue to have children and families into eternity, and it is legitimate to ask questions like will there be chocolate in heaven? a question that most other denominations of Christianity would view to be frivolous or inappropriate Church Teaching Magisterium The Catechism (365) declares that the unity of soul and body is so profound that one has to consider the soul to be the form of the body. The Council of Vienne (1312) refuted all other doctrines, which were not consistent with this declaration (CCCC 365). The Lateran Council (1513) also condemned any philosophies, which denied that the soul is essentially the form of the human body (CCC 366). The The Second Vatican Council (GS 14) declared that man made of body and soul is a unity. Furthermore, the human body is not to be despised as it is part of Gods Creation (Gen 2:7) and will be raised up on the last day. St Paul said that the human body is the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 3:16). As a result it should never be undermined, or seen as something that separates humanity from God. Vatican II teaching of the soul as a very separate entity to the soul: we believe that the souls of all those who die in the grace of Christ, whether they must still make expiation in the fire of Purgatory, or whether from the moment they leave their bodies they are received by Jesus into Paradise like the good thief, go to form that People of God. (Austin Flannery 1982, 394). By using the phrase leave their bodies, Vatican II demonstrates that they see the soul and body as detachable. Even if the body is to be resurrected eventually, it is still the soul that gets to heaven first, after leaving the body behind (Teaching notes Perth). Conclusion In considering the question, I have looked at the nature of the soul from main philosophies of the soul as put forward by Plato and Aristotle. I have shown how Augustine, Tertullian, and Thomas Aquinas to present a Christian anthropology. I have contrasted this view with the Mormon Church and their belief of the resurrection. I have found that the Magisterium, in seeking to hold true to revelation and Biblical tradition, has preferred to use the teaching of St Thomas Aquinas, which holds that the soul is the form of the body. The soul is with the body now and will be again after the resurrection from the dead Bibliography Wansbrough, Henry. 1994.(gen ed) The New Jerusalem Bible. London: Darton, Longman Todd Flannery Austin, O. P. 1982. Vatican Council II Vol 2. New York: Costello Publishing Co. Neuner J. and Dupuis J. 2001. The Christian Faith. New York: St. Pauls/Alba House The Catechism of the Catholic Church. 1994 London: G. Chapman Aquinas, St Thomas. Summa Theologica Part Ia q.75 articles 2 and 6; and q.76 art1. Tertullian, 2004. On the Resurrection of the Flesh. Kessinger Publishers. Cannell, F. 2005. The Christianity of Anthropology Anthropology Today 43: 335-51 Selman, Francis. et al.2002. Christian Anthropology. Birmingham: Maryvale Inst Internet International Theological Commission. (2002) Communion and Stewardship: Human Persons Created in the Image of God. (online) Available from: Vatican web (April 2008) Saint Teresa of Avila. The way of perfection. (1995) (online) Available from: http://www.ourladyswarriors.org/saints/wayperf.htm. (April 2008)

Himalayan Herders: The Significance of Latitudinality Essay -- Cultura

Himalayan Herders: The Significance of Latitudinality Melvyn Goldstein and Donald Messerschmidt, the authors of "The Significance of Latitudinality in Himalayan Mountain Ecosystems" argues that the altitude oriented "mixed mountain agriculture" model where mountain people move to higher altitudes in the summer and lower ones in the summer does not accurately reflect many areas of the Himalayans (Goldstein and Messerschmidt, 117). Instead, latitudinality lies at the core of cultural adaptation to the high altitude mountain ecosystem for many native Nepalese (Goldstein and Messerschmidt, 126). Of the three studied Nepalese regions (Limi, Ghaisu and Bhot Khola), latitudinal movement is just as important and common as latitudinal movements for the local inhabitants. The authors’ illustrate the point that in some Himalayan areas, the people do not depend on altitude variation, but use latitudinal (north-south) habitats to create "habitat and production zones" (Goldstein et. al, 120). In the Mountainous areas of Limi, Ghaisu and Bhot Khola, even the sons of snow (Yaks) will not survive the winter snow. To escape the snow, the people and their herds migrate only 50 to 75 miles south to pasture-land not covered by snow. This 50 to 75 mile trek is strictly latitudinal as they do not descend in elevation. These southern wintering grounds provide more grasses for grazing because of a more moderate climate. This latitudinal adjustment is central to the success of pastoralism. Animal husbandry and agriculture are also important activities in the Limi, Ghaisu, and Bhot Khola regions. For example, agriculture is considered to be the foundation of Limis’ economy. However, because of high altitudes, agriculture cannot be expanded ... ...y and its effects on pastoralism and agriculture. For example, Melemchi herders use different vertical zones throughout the year as grazing land for their animals. The book spurred a few questions of uncertainty about the article. Bishop thoroughly described the recent trend in which Nepalese men sell their herds and for many months abandon their family to try and make cash in an unskilled job in India. This insight makes the reader realize that the few isolated regions studied in Goldstein and Messerschmidt’s article are not typical communities even in the mountainous and rural country of Nepal. Works Cited Bishop, Naomi. Himalayan Herders. Texas, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998. Goldstein, Melvyn and Donald Messerschmidt. "The Significance of Latitudinality in Himalayan Mountain Ecosystems." Human Ecology, Vol. 8. No. 2, 1980:117-133.

Reflection on Film: Psycho Essay

In the movie Psycho, we see a character that is the one at fault but is so sweet she is obviously the victim here. When the $40,000 is no longer what we see from Marion Crane, it is because she was murdered, she is now the victim. Robert Ebert, from the Chicago Sun Times states â€Å"Marion Crane does steal $40,000, but still she fits the Hitchcock mold of an innocent to crime.† She was originally at fault here, and then she is brutally murdered for no reason by Norman Bates, who now becomes the center of attention. We must now figure him out! â€Å"Marion has overheard the voice of Norman’s mother speaking sharply with him, and she gently suggests that Norman need not stay here in this dead end, a failing motel on a road that has been bypassed by the new interstate. She cares about Norman. She is also moved to rethink her own actions. And he is touched. So touched, he feels threatened by his feelings. And that is why he must kill her.† states Ebert. This point being made, never occurred to me while watching the movie, I saw just a crazy guy that thought she was pretty and his â€Å"mother† didn’t want him to be with her, so out of fear he killed her. Psycho was a great film that truly was the setup up for future horror films. It is the masterpieces of Hitchcock that really set the standard of movies we see today, he is the master of them and people use his example. Psycho being this horror movie that has a huge unexpected twist in the plot really makes you feel for the characters and engages you in to the film, you almost feel like you are with Marion in the bath tub while she is murdered, you can feel your heart pound from the screeching sound of the music. Everything that was put in this movie was put there for a reason and it all pulls you right in with it.

Human Cognition and System Design Essays

Human Cognition and System Design Essays Human Cognition and System Design Essay Human Cognition and System Design Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Human Cognition and System Design Introduction This paper will serve to analyze the Linux software application from a human information processing perspective. Primarily, the Linux software application is a computer operating system with a Unix-like design assembled from the open source and free software distribution and development. Originally developed to perform as an operating system for personal Intel x86 based computers (Dibris, 5). The software application has been ported to a wider variety of computer hardware platforms. The development of the Linux design is considered the most prominent example of open and free source collaboration of software. In this regard, this paper will hence focus the Linux software design and its consideration on human information processing capabilities, memory, perception, attention and learning. Memory The memory concept in this case implies the various ways through the user of the Linux software can interact or otherwise communicate with the computer system. Recognition is considered an easier strategy to use compared to recall when using the Linux software application. Regarding recognition, Linux offers the users with appropriate recognition stimuli. However, the application has been programmed with limited information as too much would divert the attention of the user or confuse them. The software application implements the use of programmed intelligence to provide appropriate stimuli for tackling the task presented by the user (Dibris, 7). The Linux software application is both a command line interface and a graphical user interface. The hard way of learning commands is through remembering them. Keying in commands the user had already typed on the previous or current console amounts to tedious or unnecessary effort. Instead of retyping a previous command, the software application offers a variety of options that save time for the user when remembering older commands used in current or earlier sessions. For example, the first option involves keying in the control key plus R prior to issuing the command. This acts by initiating the command re-caller through backward mode. This occurs with the most recent command being presented as the first. The user can now type part or the whole characters of the command he or she is searching. Once the command is found, the user is expected to hit the enter button and the command will be initiated. The Linux visual representation includes a pearl script that is capable of reading the traffic counters of the computer’s routers, and a fast program that creates presentable graphs representing the monitored network connection. In addition to its detailed view, the Linux software application is capable of creating traffic visual representations visited in the previous seven days, five weeks, or three months. This made possible from its ability to keep a log of the entire data from the router. Additionally, since the Linux software application of graphical user interface nature, it therefore represents programs, directions, and files through spatial relations and pictures. In the graphical user interface, the user has a simpler choice of choosing commands by manipulating or activating pictures –for example, dragging an icon or clicking on a button with the mouse device. The graphical user interface is intended to make the computer easier to use by simplifying decisions and tasks, and creating visual representations that the user can easily relate. A significant aspect of the Linux software application revolves around its ability of raising the user efficiency in user memory as well as usage over interfaces with text bases. The Linux software program not only utilizes chunking and encodes information; it also offers streamlined ways of finishing tasks taking into account the expectations and needs of the user. However, it is prudent to understand that the Linux software program fails to support its user’s in remembering how to use it in certain ways. This is manifested through its shortcut ability to identify previous or currently used commands. This is thought to induce a lazy culture to the user since he or she does not have to remember the main components of a command. The main challenge is however realized when entering a new command. Attention Computer systems using the Linux software application output their signals through actuators. With these displays, the system acts or reacts to the environment. Developments in software creation have enabled the user to process information from their auditory and visual senses. The Linux software application uses graphical programming language for the execution of many processing functions, sound generation and processing, and video. The timing of this software is versatile and can be communicated to other computers through a network. The graphical nature prompts the incorporation of visual user interface. Though it is good with its timing, its quality of being timeline based becomes a hindrance when the user is considering interactive structures (Hives, 8). Other authoring tools are also incorporated within the Linux software program. A high level for programming languages has a speeding effect on the development process and is a tradeoff in terms of flexibility. If the user deems that an application needs maximum flexibility, he or she can use low-level programming. The Linux software program is also user computer interface of high nature that involves multiple sense interactions, real time interaction and simulation, including visual, auditory and tactile. In addition, there are certain Linux software programs that use multimodal user interfaces that combine two or more human senses in their interaction with other computers (Hives, 14). The design of this program was achieved based on the needs of blind computer users. This was to enable them to control and perceive information in an effective and efficient way. However, research maintains that the audio user interface is not a particularly efficient interaction solution even it is the most used with blind computer users. The efficiency of the tactile user interface in accomplishing certain tasks is considered similar to the interface for audio senses. Perception The Linux interface helps its users understand the sensory information they receive in a number of ways. The Linux software program possesses a lot of information related to how it runs. The memory and hardware of the system, current processes and the user’s latest activity information is made available by the system. In many cases, the user can view the system information through specified commands (Z?agar, 25). A number of these commands are specifically written to give information. The rests of these commands are intended to alter the system to include ways of viewing the current state of the system. In certain cases, the user can understand the received sensory information through configuration files and system information. Majority of these files are in the form of plain text. This enables the user to view the basic commands that output the content of a file to the command line. Among the simplest commands designed for reading the information system is ‘arch’. This command gives back the computer’s architecture. A different set of commands give the user information relating to processes running within the system. One commonly used command process is ‘top’. This gives the user a continuous update on the process responsible for consuming the most memory space of the computer system. ‘Pstree’ is a command that gives the user a highlight of parent and child processes- meaning processes that start others. Ultimately, the Linux interface utilizes previous knowledge to enable the user understand the sensory information they receive. Among this is the collection of logs from experiences. Majority of these logs can be read using standard reading commands, but this is dependent on the distribution (Welsh, 18). In this case, some logs may be in the form of a specialized format and hence require reading with a special command. However, the Linux software program at times fails to support the perspective of perception. In this regard, the interface does not provide information on certain processes or the information itself is too complicated for the user to understand. Learning Linux interface has been designed to be user friendly and includes tips intended to help the user learn how to use the application. Similar to Microsoft windows, the Linux system files are arranged in a structure resembling the hierarchical directory format. Linux gives the user a graphical interface that gives them an easy time in understanding how to use it, and still allows those with the knowledge to change settings to a different user. Primarily, the interface allows the user to understand that everything in the system will henceforth be treated as a file (Welsh, 24). The user uses this file to make a drawing or write a text. The system lets the user understand that the written texts or drawings made will have to sorted and stored for easy location. Behind every configured option, there lie simplified readable text files the user can edit to their best suit. The current versions of the Linux interface are incorporated with graphical user interface to guide the user through the program. There is another option where the user can choose to gain full control of the program through manual adjustment of the configuration files. The design of the Linux interface is based on the premise that every person gaining access to the system has their personal username and password (Welsh, 45). Every single file has a source group and user and possesses certain attributes. In addition, the program provides the user with an opportunity of feeding it with a command to attain certain information. This enables the user to learn on a variety of processes associated with the interface. Conclusion The intensity of using Linux on laptops and standard desktop computers has been under constant rise in the recent past. The current versions include a graphical user environment. With regard to the objective of this paper, the major findings gave rise to the conclusion that Linux software program has been designed in the form of a user-friendly interface. In terms of human cognition to the design of the software, the paper was able to establish a positive view regarding the memory, attention, perception, and learning perspectives of the software program. However, one cannot overlook the hindrances associated with the shortcomings of the interface. Dibris, Dora. â€Å"Introduction to Linux Programming.† 2004 Tripoli Library Association. Greenspan Hotel, Tripoli. 29 March 2004. Hives, John G., Brian G. Brestan, and Ruth A. Dale. â€Å"Linux Software Program.† Human Cognitive Review 26.1 (2007): 1-16. Print. Michal, Pierce G., and Sarah Orsworth. â€Å"Technology and Human Cognitive Behavior: Review by a Group of Experts.† System Design 7.2 (2004): 121-30. Web. 11 Sep. 2012. Welsh, Matt, Matthias K. Dalheimer, and Lar Kaufman. Running Linux. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2009. Print. Z?agar, Klemen, Janez Golob, and Anz?e Z?agar. â€Å"Efficient Access to Timing System’s Time in Linux User Mode.† Control Sheet. 9 (2010). Print.

Compare Contrast essays

Compare Contrast essays Comparison Between Novel and Film Version of "Lord of the Flies" Many novels are so successful that producers can't wait to adapt the story into a film. The majority of times, however, the original novel is much stronger than the movie because it is able to capture the emotions of each character, all the symbols and meaningful events. Due to the novel's flexibility, readers are able to extend the use of their imagination. Similarly, this was the case with William Golding's masterpiece, "The Lord of the Flies." Overall, the novel is far superior to the film because it has thorough descriptions of a character's feelings and depictions of symbolic meaning concerning the objects and important happenings. First of all, the movie version of the classic, "The Lord of the Flies," seems to be lacking in detail involving the characters. Mainly due to the limited length of the movie, a character's role and his feeling are non existent. In the novel, readers can clearly notice how Piggy feels and that he is being treated as an "Outsider" but, in the film version it restricts the audience's comprehension of Piggy's emotions. Similarly, other characters such as Simon and Roger are so unclear in the movie that they may puzzle viewers because the movie fails to distinguish their role. The cinema is unsuccessful in establishing Simon as a "Christ" figure and Roger's murderous nature. On the other hand, the novel installs all these ideas and allows the reader to use their creativity. Therefore, due to the film's inability to give audiences more information about the characters, their role and their emotions, the novel is much more informative. Secondly, the novel is capable of giving readers more insight into the story with the use of symbols and hidden meanings. The novel is able to do this because it depicts important underlying messages and critical incidents. For instance, Piggy's glasses represent civilization, reality and reason but once ...